The image is the international flag of the Deaf community. The light blue shape in the flag are the thumb and fingers of a left hand held before your eyes. The hand represents sign language.
The Human Rights Commission Board of Inquiry of the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador ruled on 1 March 2023 against the Newfoundland and Labrador English School District (NLESD).
The Board said NLESD had not provided sign language to Carter Churchill, a Deaf boy with cochlear implants. The parents had been wrongly advised NOT to use sign language. He has suffered severe language deprivation and social isolation as a result. Language deprivation is a developmental brain injury which Carter may never recover from. The Board’s Chief Adjudicator C. Brodie Gallant, said at paragraph 365 of the judgement:
“I struggle to conceive of a complainant more vulnerable than Carter Churchill. I am concerned by the potential long-term, perhaps permanent, impact upon Carter’s future prospects for independence. I am concerned by how his exclusion, social isolation and language deprivation have impacted his sense of identity and self-worth as well as his concept of the world around him. I worry about the potential long term impacts on his mental health. I am also concerned by the fact that the District does not acknowledge the systemic issues which contributed to the discrimination experienced by Carter.”
This judgement is reverberating around the Deaf world. It is 116 pages long and covers the case law and sets out the evidence related to cochlear implants and the risk of language delay. Please don’t misunderstand me. Cochlear implants can be great, but the evidence accepted by the Board shows that the risk of language deprivation is high. Deaf kids need sign language no matter what. Bilingualism is essential (spoken and sign language) if you have a cochlear implant.
Carter’s parents Kimberly Churchill and Todd Churchill tried to advocate for him but met with resistance, ignorance and lies. You can read about it on their website and download the full judgement.
Here are some important extracts from the judgement.
Paragraph 179 said the cohort of students with cochlear implants, including Carter, had students with severe language delays. The delays
“were preventing these students from having meaningful access to grade level curriculum. These students were socially isolated and deprived of incidental learning opportunities when compared to their hearing peers. Intensive intervention was required to address the underlying language and communication issues. Development in these areas was needed to build a foundation upon which these students could access the broader school curriculum. Without remediating these fundamental issues, these students would fall further and further behind their hearing peers.”
Paragraph 274 quotes expert Dr. Kristin Snoddon who said
“Deaf individuals are at high risk of language deprivation due to chronic lack of full access to a natural language in early childhood.”
At paragraph 276 the Board said
“Academic studies support the view that there is a window of opportunity for language acquisition during a child’s early years. There is some debate as to when that window of opportunity closes. However, it appears that after a child reaches puberty there are significantly diminishing returns from intervention for language acquisition. Intervention during the pre-school years is best. … The longer the delay in intervention the more impacted a child will be in their language development.”
Case
Kimberly Churchill and Todd Churchill, on behalf of Carter Churchill v. Newfoundland and
Labrador English School District et. al.
(Complaint File # 10171)